Emergency

What type of emergency is it?

  • Call for help and get yourself and the casualty away from the threat.
  • If there is an active shooting keep low, behind a concrete wall when possible.

    Always start with an overview of the situation, it is the only time for this. CALL emergency service and police if needed.

    Is it safe for you to enter the scene? You will not be able to help by getting injured yourself.

    On a road with traffic make sure to put out signs and if possible partly block the road for your own safety.

    If you consider the area safe make sure it is safe for the casualty.

    If needed move the casualty from danger, smoke, fire or other.

    If there is an active shooting, run away from the shooter immediately. If that is not possible keep low, behind a concrete wall when possible.

 

STOP THE BLEED:

 1. LOCATE WOUND, use shears to cut clothing and expose skin.
2. Apply PRESSURE onto wound with a dressing,  or piece or clothing.
3. If available,use CELOX RADID and continue to APPLY PRESSURE for atleast 180 seconds or until bleeding stops

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STOP THE BLEED with a Tourniquet:

1. LOCATE WOUND, use shears to cut clothing and expose skin.
2. Apply Tourniquet HIGH on a limb such as a leg or arm, close to armpit or groin.
3. Pull the tourniquet TIGHT.
4. Turn the windlass until BLEEDING STOPS. Secure windlass.
5. Clearly mark time of TQ application

 

  • Manually open the mouth on an unconscious person if the airway is blocked by using Jaw thrust or chin lift. Remove food, vomit, blood or dental prosthesis.
  • A person that talks has a free airway. Hoarse breathing or coughing could indicate a threatened airway due to severe allergy reaction, inhalation of fumes or trauma.
  • If necessary to create a free airway slightly extend the neck but avoid all unnecessary movent of the neck after severe trauma
  • Make sure that the person has a breathing by look, listen, feel. Does the thorax move the same way on both sides?
  • If there is no breathing start CPR. Look for penetrating injuries. A trained first responder could apply a chestseal and keep the casualty under supervision
  • In medical conditions where the sick person has hard to breathe. loosen clothing around the neck and thorax.
  • Let the person sit or lye in a comfortable position to make breathing easier. If the persons breathing get harder don´t hesitate, go to an emergency entrance
  • Make sure that the casualty has an adequate circulation by examine if a radial pulse is present. If you cant find it try to find a carotid pulse on the neck.
  • If no pulse can be found the persons bloodpressure may be to low for brain and heart. If no heartbeats are present start CPR.
  • If you find a radial pulse the pressure is enough for the moment.
  • Look for bleeding wounds and  Pack medium- or bigger wounds with gauze or Celox Rapid. Cover all wounds with gauze or pressure bandage.
  • If the pulse rate increases during rest suspect inner bleeding and move the casualty to medical care with surgical capability.

 

  • Validate the level of consciousness according to AVPU: Alert, Voice responsive, Pain responsive, Unresponsive/Unconscious
  • Remember that an unconcious casualty could loose their airway lying on their back. Put the in recovery position.
  • If you have time and knowledge you can look for neurological deficits. Does the pupils reakt similar to light.

Now you are not in a hurry anymore.

If you have time, examine the entire patient by do not delay transportation. Expose the casualty and look for other wounds, remember their back.

When this is done protect the casualty from the environment. Cold and hypotherima are the biggest threats.

Keep the casualty warm and isolate from the ground.

If in a hot climate protect the casualty from the sun and move them to the shade.

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